DNA and RNA questions?? Oct 2nd

1. What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid/ the blue print of life

2. What are the 4 bases? Adenine/thymine/cytosine/guanine

3. What 2 pieces of information did the scientists need to solve the elusive structure of DNA? Phosphate backbone was on the outside with bases on the inside; another that the molecule was a double helix

4. What are the specific base pairs? A/T/G/C

5. How does the pairing rule affect the shape and structure of DNA? Adenine-thymine pair that form a two-hydrogen bond together or a cytosine-guanine pair that form a three-hydrogen bond

6. What does the DNA do during cell division? During the cell division the DNA is copied in other words “unzipped” and copied exactly

7. How many base pairs does E. coli have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell? E. coli has 4,639,221 base pairs. It takes 40 minutes to replicate. E. coli is package in the DNA as eukaryotic chromosomes are packaged into the nucleus.

8. How many base pairs does Human DNA have? How long does it take to replicate? How is the DNA packaged in the cell? Over than 3 billion pairs. 12~24 hours. In a nucleus.

AFTER YOU'VE ANSWERED THE QUESTIONS, TRY PLAYING THE GAME. THEN MOVE ONTO THE NEXT ACTIVITY.

1. What is RNA? How different is it from DNA?

Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers. RNA is different from DNA by RNA is single stranded, while DNA is double stranded. Also, RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugars while DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA uses predominantly uracil instead of thymine present in DNA.

2. How are the RNA messages formed?

RNA messages are formed by the grouping together of 3 of the letters to create a triplet or codon.

3. How are the RNA messages interpreted?

Ribosomes read the messages and then attach the amino acids together to make up a protein.

1. Describe cell cycle. Ribosomes read the messages and then attach the amino acids together to make up a protein.
Gap 1 phase: cell growth beginsSynthesis phase: chromosomes duplicate and divide; cell growth continuesGap 2 phase: cell reaches proper sizeMitosis phase: cell division

2. What is nuclear division. Nuclear division is the division of the nucleus and genetic information into more than one cell from a parent cell, usually through mitosis or meiosis.

3. What is interphase. When the cell or nucleus is not in mitosis.

4. Cytokinesis. The stage in meiosis in which the cytoplasm of the cell is divided after the nuclear division.

5. Homologous chromosomes. Pair of chromosomes that have the same genetic sequencing because they come from the same parent cell.

6. Phases of mitosis (5 of them). Prophase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Interphase

7. Phases of meiosis and how it is different from mitosis. Early prophase/Late prophase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Second Telophase/ *meiosis is different from mitosis because the cell goes through 2 divisions instead of just one and results in 4 daughter cells instead of only 2.

8. Describe the process and purpose of crossing over.Crossing over occurs when the sperm and egg chromosomes pair up and swap genetic information, reducing the number of chromosomes to a complete set.